Gavin Leech is a writer and researcher. His book with Dwarkesh Patel, “The Scaling Era”, is out with Stripe Press. He founded the research consultancy Arb (arbresearch.com), which answers hard questions about artificial intelligence and other sciences. He has a PhD in AI from the University of Bristol. In the last pandemic, he studied the effect of major interventions, published in Science, PNAS, NeurIPS.